This article - written by Syn Chew and David Lim - for the Daily Express on Sunday, February 16, 2020 - was published in the Malaysian New Left, and should also be referred to the piece archived HERE on BP’s Financing of Colombia's Murderous Military.
The case-country studies point to the expansive role of Big Oil, deep state and wide neocolonialism design.
In situational South American events in particular,(see TRT World, The secret history of US interventions in Latin America and Orinoco Tribune, Latin America: In a Permanent State of Coup, an existential continuance of the Monroe Doctrine and the associated vassal states’ puppets dancing to American hegemonic strings to prevail U.S. imperialism retention cannot be swept nor swayed aside because of the multiple nefarious roles as played by actors like Brazil involvement in the Chile coup 1972 or that of the Colombian military.
On economic development, in 1951, The World Bank and the Colombian government brought out ‘a development programme, which the government then put into action: budgetary and bank reforms; reduction and relaxing of import restrictions; relaxing of exchange controls; adoption of a liberal and accommodating attitude with regard to foreign capital’, (counterfire, 21/9/23).
Upon reading Britain secretly planned Malaysia since 1953 - where Dr Greg Poulgrain has combined archival research at the Colonial Office, U.K. with interviews of surviving protagonists of the formative era of Malaysia who had played various roles in that period, thereby challenging the conventional version of the formation of Malaysia - one should also supplement the text reading by viewing the following YouTube videos:
CIA: True intention on Malaysia formation, rampas, 2021
Formation of Malaysia, Peter Tong, 2020
Sabah and the Future of the Malaysian Constitution, 2021 by Professor James Chin
Indeed, Poulgrain reveals that the British government (Her Majesty’s Government, or HMG) was “engaging in deliberate deception” for, while paying lip service to the Third Rajah’s aspiration for self government for Sarawak embodied in the preamble to the 1941 Sarawak Constitution, HMG was already planning for “some form of constitutional association” for the Borneo Territories and the Malaya/Singapore bloc coming together as a “British South-East Asia Dominion” in the early fifties.
It also need to be noted, as was emphasised by K.S.Jomo in the recent 20/09/2023 KLSCAH National Affairs Conference (see Geoeconomics Challenges) that after the war, British interests in Malaya in the form of investments exceeded those that they had in India and the revenue from rubber and tin was sorely needed for post-war debt payment and reconstruction. The financial stake in having a peaceful merger of the Borneo territories and Singapore with Malaya was, therefore, huge; (read Continuance of Neocolonialism).
In addition, Poulgrain makes a vital contribution to the formation narrative by drawing attention to the shadowy yet critical, but hitherto unknown, role played by the Deep State of the British Establishment in the shaping the final configuration of the Federation. In the face of post-war demand for decolonisation, the UK, to prime her political successors in the areas she would be vacating, was motivated by “the need to ensure that the Borneo territories, Brunei in particular, would be politically and militarily secure.”
To ensure that (political control) was met, the “second-in-command of MI5 of Britain was seconded for one year’s term of duty to reorganise and expand the Special Branch”. From that point onwards, Whitehall moved quickly to protect most, if not all, of its interests in the region.………
The Anglo-American intelligence organisation based in Singapore, Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE), stepped in as agent provocateur to “politically engineer” an entrapment set-up. William Andeas Brown (CIA), assisted by Frank C. Starr (CIA) and John Slimming (MI6), in 1962 ran a covert arms-running operation supplying rifles to the so-called underground Sarawak Chinese youths with strong historic ties with the Chinese across the border in Indonesian Borneo. Sir Alexander Waddell later in an interview in 1991 with the author confirmed the involvement of the CIA in 1962 in instigating the “leftist” elements in the party by supplying them with rifles…….